Atopic dermatitis is a type of eczema — a chronic condition that makes the skin dry, itchy, and discoloured. It can affect children and adults alike, with flare-ups occurring from time to time. Although it cannot be cured, atopic dermatitis can be managed, and it requires medical attention for long-term control.
Atopic dermatitis often looks like a skin rash, though the colour of the rash varies with skin tone. On lighter skin it may appear red, while on darker skin it may appear darker. Try not to scratch, as this can lead to swelling, cracking, crusting, or scaling.
What causes atopic dermatitis?
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic condition linked to the skin's protective barrier and the immune system. The immune system's role is to protect the body from things that can harm it, such as allergens, irritants, and illness. If you have atopic dermatitis, you may carry a genetic variant that prevents the skin from forming a strong barrier.
Besides internal genetic factors, certain external factors can trigger the condition, including:
- Allergens or irritants
- Hormonal changes during pregnancy
- Skin infections
- Changes in temperature
- Stress
- Food allergies
- Skincare products, especially fragranced ones
- Plants
- Chemicals in cleaning products
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms vary from person to person. Atopic dermatitis most commonly develops where the skin bends or flexes, such as behind the knees or inside the elbows. Common symptoms include:
- Skin rash
- Severe itching
- Dry or cracked skin
- Red, purple, brown, or grey spots on the skin
- Small, fluid-filled bumps
- Crusting of the skin
How is atopic dermatitis treated?
Depending on the severity of your condition, the dermatologist may recommend a combination of the following to manage symptoms:
- Trigger management: identify and avoid your triggers as much as possible to protect the skin from rashes and damage.
- Gentle skincare: avoid fragranced products in your routine.
- Prescription medication: the dermatologist may prescribe topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, or other medicines. Use these as directed and avoid overuse, as they can cause side effects.
- Allergen immunotherapy: you may be advised to consider this to reduce allergic reactions.
- Phototherapy: light therapy is another sought-after option to manage and reduce symptoms.
How long does treatment take?
The treatment timeline differs from person to person. Some patients experience itch relief soon after starting prescription medicine, with the rash fading within a few days to a few weeks; others take longer. The duration depends on how well your body responds to treatment.
Atopic dermatitis has no cure, but it can be managed through medication and adjustments to your lifestyle and habits. At Derma Essence, treatment is led by Dr. Reena Sharma (MD Dermatology). For related concerns, see eczema treatment or sensitive skin.
Book a consultation for a personalised assessment.
