Tinea, commonly referred to as ringworm, is a fungal infection of the skin. It can occur anywhere on the body, including the feet, nails, and groin, and most often develops in areas that remain moist. Tinea is caused by several types of fungi and is categorised as follows:
- Athlete's foot (tinea pedis): a common fungal infection affecting the feet and the spaces between the toes, often caused by sweating or leaving the feet wet after bathing.
- Jock itch (tinea cruris): appears as a rash in the groin. It is more common in men than women and requires medical attention.
- Scalp ringworm (tinea capitis): as the name suggests, this occurs on the head. It is contagious and requires medical attention.
- Nail infection (tinea unguium): develops in the toenails and fingernails, resulting in deformed, thickened, and discoloured nails.
- Body ringworm (tinea corporis): can occur anywhere on the body, most commonly in skin folds during warm weather.
How is tinea diagnosed?
If you notice rashes or red patches anywhere on the skin, visit your dermatologist. They will ask about your symptoms and medical history, examine your skin, and may run the following tests to confirm the diagnosis:
- Skin scraping: the top layer of skin is scraped with a small tool and examined under a microscope to confirm tinea.
- Biopsy: performed in cases of scalp or nail infection, using samples of hair or nail clippings to identify the condition.
- Skin culture: a sample of skin is sent to the lab to identify the type of fungal infection.
How is tinea treated?
Depending on the location and severity of the infection, the dermatologist may recommend the following options.
Topical antifungal creams
Topical antifungal creams and lotions are used for localised fungal infections. The doctor may prescribe agents such as ketoconazole or clotrimazole.
Oral antifungal medication
Topical treatments are sometimes prescribed alongside oral antifungal medication, particularly in moderate to severe tinea when creams alone do not deliver the desired results. Commonly prescribed drugs include fluconazole, itraconazole, and griseofulvin.
Medicated soaps and powders
In addition to topical lotions and medicines, the dermatologist may prescribe medicated soaps and powders with antifungal and antibacterial properties. These help control moisture and prevent the recurrence of infection.
Other instructions
- In cases of recurring tinea, the doctor may suggest long-term oral therapy combined with resistance profiling and a personalised skincare regimen.
- You may be advised to adjust your diet and lifestyle during treatment to support healing and prevent recurrence.
- Keep the infected area clean and dry to limit moisture and stop the infection from spreading.
- Do not scratch or pick at the rash, as this can lead to further infection and scarring.
- Avoid public pools and showers while infected.
- Avoid shared gym equipment, as the fungus can survive on it for a long time.
- Wash your hands before touching other parts of your body after washing the affected area, and use a separate towel to dry the rest of your body.
Managing recurrent tinea
With an accurate diagnosis and an adequate-duration course of treatment, tinea can be cleared and recurrence prevented. At Derma Essence, treatment is led by Dr. Reena Sharma (MD Dermatology). For related concerns, see fungal infection or nail disorders.
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