A keloid is a raised scar that grows larger than the wound that caused it. It may develop slowly over months or even years after a skin injury and, unlike ordinary scars, keloids do not fade. Their appearance can affect self-esteem and confidence.
Keloids may form anywhere on the skin, including the back, abdomen, chest, ear, jaw, or shoulder. If you notice a keloid growing, it is important to see a dermatologist for suitable treatment.
What are the treatment options for keloids?
Depending on the severity of the scar and its location, the dermatologist may recommend one or more of the following options.
Medications
Medication often forms the first line of treatment. Corticosteroid injections constrict blood vessels and shrink the scar, reducing inflammation so the keloid does not grow further. They also help relieve itching, swelling, and tenderness, and may be combined with other drugs to shrink scarring. The injections may need to be repeated every three to four weeks.
Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy uses cold liquid nitrogen to freeze the keloid from the inside without harming the underlying skin, so it reduces in hardness and size. As with injections, three to four sessions are usually needed for optimum results.
Botox
Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections are placed into keloid-prone areas to reduce tension on healing wounds, slow collagen overproduction, and improve the appearance of scars. They are typically recommended after surgical scars or for active keloids, and repeated use can enhance the results of surgical excision while helping to prevent recurrence in high-risk zones.
IPL therapy
Intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy is effective for red, inflamed, or itchy keloids. By targeting pigment and vascularity, it reduces redness, improves texture, and eases symptoms such as itching or burning. IPL is painless and non-invasive, with no downtime, and is suitable for most individuals.
Pressure therapy
A compression dressing, garment, pressure earring, or similar device applies pressure to the scar and restricts blood flow to the area, inhibiting regrowth. This is usually carried out after keloid surgery. Dermatologists also recommend silicone sheets and gels — for example on the ear — which hydrate and compress the scar, flattening the keloid over time and reducing itchiness while helping to prevent recurrence.
Ligature
A surgical thread is tied at the base of the keloid to cut off its blood supply and cause it to fall away. This is repeated every two to three weeks for the desired result.
Surgical removal
When other options do not give the desired result, the dermatologist may remove the keloid with surgical tools. This is usually combined with other treatments such as silicone therapy, pressure therapy, and corticosteroid injections to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Honest expectations and expert care
Keloids respond best to a multi-modal approach paired with realistic expectations, as recurrence remains possible even after combined treatment. At Derma Essence, treatment is led by Dr. Reena Sharma (MD Dermatology). For related concerns, see our scars or ear lobe repair pages.
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